Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Students’ Self-Efficacy and Mental Health

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence technologies in educational and academic environments has significantly influenced students’ learning experiences, scientific interactions, and psychological functioning. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence-based technologies on students’ self-efficacy and mental health among university students in Tehran.

Methodology: This applied study was conducted using a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all students studying at public and private universities in Tehran during the 2025–2026 academic year. A total of 370 participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed the questionnaires online. Data collection instruments included the General Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Sherer et al. (1982), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg, and the Artificial Intelligence Technology Usage Questionnaire developed by Al-Maroof (2025). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis through SPSS version 26.

Findings: The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the use of artificial intelligence-based technologies and both students’ self-efficacy and mental health (p < 0.01). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the use of AI technologies significantly predicted mental health (F = 23.23, R² = 0.152) and self-efficacy (F = 11.46, R² = 0.168). The results indicated that purposeful use of intelligent technologies could enhance students’ sense of competence, psychological control, and adaptation to academic stressors.

Conclusion: The results suggest that artificial intelligence-based technologies, when used consciously and purposefully, can effectively improve students’ mental health and self-efficacy. Therefore, promoting digital literacy, educating students on the appropriate use of intelligent technologies, and integrating AI-based educational strategies into higher education systems may contribute to better academic performance and psychological adjustment among students.