Identifying the Motivational Dimensions of Individuals with Phobia in Facing Exposure Therapy

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and explain the motivational dimensions of individuals with phobia facing exposure therapy using a qualitative approach. A qualitative study with thematic analysis was conducted. Participants included 24 individuals with phobia from Tehran who had experienced exposure therapy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using NVivo software until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis revealed three main themes: intrinsic motivations for treatment (e.g., regaining control of life, relieving psychological distress), external and social motivations (e.g., family pressure, modeling others), and factors strengthening motivation during therapy (e.g., positive therapeutic relationship, observing small progress). Findings indicated that patients’ motivation is multidimensional and dynamic, influenced by individual, social, and therapeutic factors. The results suggest that understanding and enhancing motivational dimensions can improve the effectiveness of exposure therapy. Therapists should attend to patients’ individual characteristics and cultural context and use person-centered approaches to support motivation.