تدوین بسته آموزشی تربیت اجتماعی ویژه والدین برای کودکان بیشفعال
کلمات کلیدی:
بیشفعالی, والدین, تربیت اجتماعی, بسته آموزشیچکیده
مقدمه و هدف: کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/بیشفعالی به دلیل مشکلاتی نظیر بیشفعالی، تکانشگری و بیتوجهی، در فرایند جامعهپذیری، برقراری روابط اجتماعی، رعایت قوانین و مسئولیتپذیری با چالشهای متعددی مواجه هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی نیازهای اجتماعی این کودکان و تدوین یک بسته آموزشی تربیت اجتماعی ویژه والدین آنان طراحی و اجرا شد.
روششناسی: این پژوهش به روش کیفی و در دو مرحله انجام شد. در مرحله نخست، متون علمی مرتبط با رشد اجتماعی و جامعهپذیری کودکان بیشفعال با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای متعارف هسیه و شانون (2005) بررسی شدند. سیزده منبع علمی بر اساس معیارهای ورود و خروج انتخاب و بهصورت خطبهخط کدگذاری و تحلیل شدند. در مرحله دوم، بر مبنای مفاهیم استخراجشده و با استفاده از الگوی ششمرحلهای یوسفی و گلپرور، بسته آموزشی تدوین گردید. در پایان، اعتبار محتوایی بسته توسط هفت متخصص حوزه روانشناسی و فرزندپروری ارزیابی شد.
یافتهها: تحلیل محتوا منجر به استخراج چهار مفهوم اصلی شامل علل مشکلات اجتماعی (بیشفعالی، بیتوجهی و تکانشگری)، پیامدهای اجتماعی علائم بیشفعالی، وضعیت جامعهپذیری کودکان بیشفعال و راهکارهای تربیت اجتماعی شد. بر اساس این یافتهها، یک بسته آموزشی هشت جلسهای با سه هدف اصلی ارتقای قانونپذیری، بهبود دوستیابی و افزایش مسئولیتپذیری تدوین گردید. نتایج اعتبارسنجی نشان داد که بسته آموزشی از اعتبار محتوایی بسیار مطلوبی برخوردار است و ضریب توافق ارزیابان برای آن 0.98 تا 0.99 گزارش شد که بیانگر تأیید متخصصان نسبت به اهداف، محتوا و ساختار جلسات آموزشی است.
نتیجهگیری: یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که تربیت اجتماعی کودکان بیشفعال نیازمند مداخلات هدفمند مبتنی بر ویژگیهای اختصاصی این کودکان و آموزش والدین است. بسته تدوینشده از اعتبار محتوایی بالایی برخوردار بوده و میتواند بهعنوان ابزاری کاربردی برای ارتقای مهارتهای اجتماعی، قانونپذیری، مسئولیتپذیری و کیفیت روابط بینفردی کودکان بیشفعال مورد استفاده مشاوران، روانشناسان و والدین قرار گیرد.
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حق نشر 2025 Aram Gharibi Asl (Author); Zahra Yousefi; Flor Khayatan (Author)

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