Exploring Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations in Participants of Weight Loss Programs: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of individuals participating in weight loss programs. This qualitative research employed a conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants from weight loss programs in Tehran. Purposeful sampling was used and continued until theoretical saturation. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using NVivo software, and the codes were categorized into main themes, subthemes, and conceptual codes. Three main themes were identified: “Intrinsic Motivations,” “Extrinsic Motivations,” and “Motivational Barriers and Enhancers.” Intrinsic motivations such as improved body image, increased self-confidence, and meaning-making were key in sustaining participants’ commitment to weight loss. Extrinsic motivations included social pressure, support from others, and program-based obligations. Factors such as emotional fluctuations, structured goal setting, and supportive environments played a critical role in strengthening or weakening motivation. The findings suggest that long-term adherence to weight loss is more likely in individuals with strong intrinsic motivations who can internalize external motivators. Designing psychological interventions that enhance intrinsic motivation may increase the effectiveness and sustainability of weight loss programs.