Exploring Motivational Factors in Adopting a Minimalist Lifestyle and Its Impact on Mental Health: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study in Tehran

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the motivational factors behind adopting a minimalist lifestyle and its psychological effects on mental health among Tehran residents. A qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological approach was conducted. Twenty-nine Tehran-based participants with at least one year of minimalist lifestyle experience were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically using NVivo software. Three main themes emerged: (1) Motivational factors including detachment from consumerism, personal value orientation, influence of media, urban stress, personal crises, and spiritual inclination; (2) Psychological outcomes such as reduced anxiety, increased life satisfaction, heightened mindfulness, and identity reconstruction; and (3) Challenges including social pressure, conflict with daily needs, inner resistance, and lack of institutional support. Participants reported enhanced mental clarity, present-moment focus, and emotional resilience as outcomes of minimalist living. Minimalism is more than a lifestyle choice; it is a psychological strategy for fostering inner peace, reducing distress, and enhancing meaning in life. Despite contextual challenges, it holds potential as a mental health-promoting practice and deserves attention in counseling and policy interventions.