Exploring the Motivational Dimensions of Self-Care in Patients with Hypertension: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the motivational dimensions influencing self-care behaviors among patients with hypertension using a qualitative approach. A qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis. Seventeen patients with hypertension residing in Tehran were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVivo version 12. The analysis process involved open coding, categorization, theme extraction, and validation by the research team. The results revealed three main categories: “intrinsic motivations,” “interpersonal and social factors,” and “external and situational motivations.” In total, 13 subcategories and numerous open codes related to motivational aspects of self-care were identified. Key motivators reported by participants included health awareness, desire for autonomy, personal meaning-making, family support, and past experiences with illness consequences. The study highlights that motivational structures for self-care in patients with hypertension are complex and multidimensional. Designing interventions based on intrinsic motivation, enhancing social support, and utilizing digital tools can significantly improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors in this population.